How to Write A Good Economics Paragraph for Economics Essays

How to write a good Economics paragraph for an Economics examination is one of the hardest tasks for students of Economics or finance. The thing is, how do you get a lot of information synthesised and ready for a paragraph that you are supposed to write within a short a period of time, which will convince the examiner to give you a high grade? In this article, I tell you some major secrets to writing a good, solid Economics paragraph that will wow your examiner in an Economics examination.

First, always have a topic sentence that makes a key argument. For instance, tariffs are bad for the economy - that is a topic sentence and it makes an argument. Always have an argument in an Economics examination for each and every paragraph.

Second, substantiate your claim that you made by doing two things - either you explain or you draw a diagram, and then explain it.

Why do you need to do that? It's quite clear that no one will believe you if you merely tell them that tariffs are bad - you have to prove what you say. One more time: you have to prove what you say. In Economics, the main ways are verbal explanation, or diagrammatic (or mathematical) expression. So do that. Diagrams are best because this is Economics! For instance, draw the small country case to show that there is deadweight loss due to tariffs being imposed on foreign goods.

Third, give a relevant real life example. Explain the example too. Examiners want to see if you really know what you are talking about and can apply the knowledge that you have to the real world context. It is no use just drawing a couple of diagrams and then leaving it as that. Talk about ISI in Latin America in those dark ages of little international trade.

Fourth, you need to conclude and wrap up your argument - and link it to the question. That is so important but ignored often by students - linking back to the question.

Now let me show you an example which I often use:

"Tariffs hurt the local economy. (Then you draw a beautiful diagram). The diagram shows that for a small country putting a tariff on an imported good increases the price of the good, making quantity demanded fall and quantity supplied by local sellers to rise, thus causing deadweight. There is also an increase in the overall price and less quantity of that good is consumed. For example, a tariff on cars will make the price of imported cars rise and thus consumers will buy more locally-produced cars, like the Proton Saga in Malaysia. Consumers lose out because they pay more and consume less numbers of cars overall, but local producers and the government win. Deadweight loss is not efficient as losses from consumer surplus do not accrue to the government, producers, or consumers, but are lost. Thus, tariffs hurt the local economy via Pareto inefficiency."

The secrets are out, and they are simple - make an argument, then explain it using a diagram, then give an example which you must explain, and then come to a reasoned conclusion - for each and every paragraph.

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Three Tips to Getting a High TOEFL IBT Score

Seated in vertical rows, each consisting of twenty-two occupants, were eighty-eight TOEFL testers, some eagerly working through the different sections, others staring at boredom and distraction, and all being judged on their ability to use academic English. How well they score may rest on a number of factors: preparation, amount of time using English, and motivation.

TOEFL Preparation

A TOEFL teacher since 1994, I have taught more than 2,000 TOEFL students, some of whom scored unbelievably high. Why do some of my students score higher or lower than others? To help answer this question, I regularly interview TOEFLers who score higher than 100/120 on the TOEFL iBT. A surprising pattern emerges: these high-scoring TOEFLers rarely study TOEFL for more than two or three months. How is it possible that a non-native speaker can score so high on the TOEFL iBT without having studied TOEFL for more than a few months. The answer seems to lie in the amount of time the student spent using English BEFORE beginning his/her TOEFL iBT preparation studies.

Amount of Time Spent Using English

Consider Teresa, a 17 year-old German student who scored 109/120 on the TOEFL iBT. During my interview with her, I found out that she had studied TOEFL for three weeks before taking the test. Before that, however, she spent three years studying English in a high school. Also, she had some native-English speaker friends with whom she had regular conversations; she read books, magazines, and newspapers in English whenever she had free time. Finally, a fan of classic rock from the 70's and 80's, she listened to American music and not only listened the lyrics of the songs but analyzed the social, psychological, political, and feminist issues present in the songs. She kept a journal in which she would document her feelings about the different songs to which she had listened. All of her preparation before her three week stint of TOEFL iBT studies seems to be the key in her scoring so high.

Motivation

Teresa also exhibits the quality of motivation, the final ingredient needed to score high on the TOEFL. She genuinely is motivated to learn English. I also interview students who, unlike Teresa, struggle learning English. In these cases, these students do not improve their TOEFL iBT scores, and, in some cases, their scores worsen even though they live in the United States. The first question I always ask these students is, "Why do you want to learn English?" Lacking motivation, they often cannot answer this question. Sometimes, they are studying English in the United States to avoid having to join the military in their country; others study English because their parents sent them here against their wishes. Unmotivated students have a tendency to suffer from goal disjunction in that they may not have set any academic or professional goals (i.e., What major or job do you want when you grow up?). Or, their goals may be different from what their parents have set for them.This disharmony can cause psychological conflict, thus preventing the TOEFLer from being able to follow a focused and consistent study plan.

In conclusion, as I proctored the TOEFL test with some of my colleagues today, I noticed one particular tester, a middle-eastern male from Saudia Arabia who, at the beginning of the quarter of our Intensive English Program, tested into pre-Level One. Despite his limited English proficiency, he worked ferociously hard during every section of the test and did not put his pencil down until the last second that I uttered the words, "Put your pencils down." Motivated and tenacious, this student, although lacking TOEFL preparation and sufficient exposure to the English language, has only one of three ingredients needed to score high. But it will not be long before he gets the other two.

"Why do you want to study English?" I ask. "Why do you want to get a high score on the TOEFL iBT?"

Michael Buckhoff is the founder and materials writer for The 7 System to Pass the TOEFL iBT, Composition and Linguistics Professor, TOEFL Specialist, ESL Master Instructor, and Placement and Testing Coordinator for California State University, San Bernardino. A CSUSB professor since 1994, Michael Buckhoff (michael@csusb.edu) has been helping students pass the TOEFL iBT exam.

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Poverty Bars Filipino Children From Education

If it is just a matter of availability, education is not really that much of a problem in the Philippines. Public school education, both primary and secondary, is both free and compulsory for every child of school age. There are also many private schools in operation in the Philippines for children whose families can afford them. But in as much as public school education is available in the country, poverty still acts as a barrier that prevents Filipino children from attaining it.

Statistics from Jubilee Action, a non-government and non-profit organization based in the United Kingdom, state that out of 100 children in the school age group that attends the first grade of primary school, only 56 are expected to finish primary school and proceed to high school. Of the 56 students who went to high school, only 23 will get to graduate. Of these 23 high school graduates, only 14 will be able to obtain a college degree.

If public education is free and compulsory, how come the numbers indicate a huge dropout rate? That is because in public schools, only tuition fees and books are free. Students still need to shoulder the cost of school uniforms and shoes, the materials they would need for studying, such as notebooks, pens and paper, as well as transportation and food. For a family living below the poverty line and can barely eke out enough money to buy food, the extra cost of sending the children to school can be a real burden. And so, rather than go to school, some children opt to work instead so they can help feed the family and send their younger siblings to school.

But that is not the only reason why the dropout rate in Philippine public schools is heavy. The quality of public schooling in the Philippines itself is inferior. The schools are not equipped adequately to handle the large influx of students. As many as 80 students are packed in a classroom that is manned by overworked and underpaid teachers. Students have to share textbooks. It is hard to maintain an environment that is conducive to learning in such conditions.

The irony is that companies in the Philippines rarely employ people who do not hold a college degree, even for entry-level positions. And so, people who had not had the chance to enter college cannot even hope to get a decent job, except as an unskilled laborer.

Education, or the lack of it, is the great divide in the Philippines. Poverty prevents a person from pursuing education, and the lack of education keeps him or her in poverty.

Thesa is an experienced writer and publicist. She has 12 years experience in writing well-researched articles of various topics, SEO web content, marketing and sales content, press releases, sales scripts, academic essays, E-books and news bits.

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Top 10 Checklist For Writing Your College Essay

Unfortunately there is no one-method-fits-all technique to writing a quality college essay, every topic requires a different approach. However, that being said if you follow this top 10 checklist you can make the process a little easier.

1. Understand what is being asked. Read the question two or three times, make sure you understand exactly what is being asked. One of the biggest mistakes students make is writing what they think others want to hear, rather than the issue being asked. Plan. Once you have read the question a few times and you are confident that you understand what is being asked, ask yourself "what do I need to do to answer the question?" Begin jotting down ideas on paper - anything that pops to mind. Start to formulate a ruff plan, then slowly an overall plan for each section will start to emerge. Tell a story. As you make your plan, try to tell a story, set the scene, and introduce the reader with some background info. Take the reader on a journey that ends with a conclusion - a conclusion that answers the question. Ask yourself "so what?" Does your story have a point? As you write your essay, after each section, ask yourself "so what?" Does this paragraph have a point, is it helping to tell the story I am trying to sell? Do something different. Take a risk. Don't write the essay that everyone else is writing. Imagine you are the marker - after reading 30 essays, the novelty will wear off. A bit of creativity, taking a slightly different angle on even the most boring topic, may be that extra push your essay requires. Remember, even seemingly boring essay topics can sound interesting if creatively approached. "The danger lies not in writing bad essays but in writing common essays-the one that admission officers are going to read dozens of" - Scott Anderson, associate director of college counselling at Mercersburg Academy (PA). Big words do not make good essays. Many students think big words make good essays. Big words are fine, but only if they are used in the appropriate contexts. Grab interest from the beginning. Expect your marker to spend just a few minutes reading your essay. You must use your introduction to grab their interest from the outset. Your introduction needs to do two things; firstly create mystery and Intrigue. It is not necessary or recommended that your first paragraph give away the entire essay. Raise questions in the minds of the reader so that they will want to read on. Appeal to their emotions so that the reader forms a personal connection with your essay. Secondly do not summarize the entire contents of your college essay in your Introduction, if you summarise the entire paper, the marker need not read the rest of your essay! The body is the story. The introduction sets the scene for the rest of the essay so make sure the body of your essay is consistent with the points raised in your introduction and make sure you tell that story. Research. Take the time to research all the information that is required for your college essay. Use a variety of sources - local libraries, teachers/tutors, and friends. With the internet at your finger tips you have access to over 5 billion web pages. Use search engines such as Google to search for information, try a variety of queries, ranging from broad keywords on the discipline to specific queries on the subject matter. Use websites such as Wikipedia and Answers.com. If you get stuck, you can find custom research for your college essay from a number of reputable websites, when using these websites; remember not to plagiarize. For guidelines of what constitutes plagiarism, visit ipassoc.org The conclusion is crucial. It is the logical ending to your essay. Students can quite often find the conclusion to be the most difficult part of an essay to write, because they feel that they have nothing left to say - hang in there, it is important to keep in mind that the conclusion is often what your marker will remember most, your conclusion should be the best part of your paper. A good conclusion should complete the essay and emphasize the importance of the thesis statement outlined at the beginning.

If you follow the above tips, you're already half way to writing your essay. Before we finish remember that you do not need to write this masterpiece on your first attempt. It's not possible, and all that pressure is likely to give you writer's block. For your first draft, write anything that comes to mind. Don't worry too much about grammar or spelling. Just get it down on paper (or computer screen). If time permits, it is also a good idea to spend a little time (a few days or a week) away from your draft to not only refresh your ideas and thoughts but also decide if you still consider your approach correct.

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TOEFL iBT Writing: Does Your Essay Meet These Four Criteria?

Your success in TOEFL iBT writing lies in your preparation. Therefore, to prepare, you should practice making written responses to sample iBT independent writing tasks after which you can have someone else, preferably a TOEFL iBT writing specialist, evaluate your essay according to the official TOEFL iBT rubrics that Educational Testing Service (ETS) uses to evaluate your essay. Framed from the official ETS guidelines for the independent writing task of the TOEFL iBT, the following four questions about your essay should be answered by whomever you choose to evaluate your essay:

1. Did I answer all parts of the question?

Since many of the TOEFL iBT questions are multi-tasked, you should get feedback as to whether or not you have answered all parts of the writing assignment.

2. Is my essay well-organized?

In this case, the reviewer of your essay should check your thesis statement and topic sentences in the body paragraphs to make sure that they directly answer the question being asked. There should be adequate use of transition words and other types of signal words that show how your ideas are connected. Your reviewer should pay particular attention to the key junctures of your paper which can be especially troublesome: end of the first paragraph, beginning and end of each paragraph, and concluding paragraph.There should be a strong sense of unity in all these key junctures.

3. Do I provide adequate supporting detail for the generalizations I use in my essay?

To evaluate this, your reviewer should check to see that you are using specific, even personable, details in the body paragraphs that are relevant to the topic statements of those paragraphs. It is also important to evaluate whether or not the details show a progression of ideas. The reviewer should check for word cues such as for example, for instance, and case in point, all of which can be used to introduce supporting points.

4. Do I write with grammatical fluency, with only minor grammatical or word choice errors that do not obscure meaning?

The reviewer, ideally a native-English speaker familiar with the language of academic writing, should keep in mind that it is not just important to be grammatically correct, but it is important that you use a combination of simple, compound, and complex sentence structures, thereby displaying what ETS calls syntactic variety. Another sticky issue to consider is your idiomaticity of language use. In other words, how natural sounding are you? Would a native speaker use similar grammar and vocabulary to express comparable ideas? Does it sound like you are translating from another language? Compare the following sentences:

• Unnatural: How many years do you have?
• Natural: How old are you?

Even though both sentences are grammatically correct, "How old are you?" is more natural sounding.

If you can do well in these four areas when taking your practice tests, you have a good chance of scoring higher than 24/30 points on the independent writing task when you take the actual TOEFL iBT exam.

Good luck!

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Why Bother with Art Colleges?

If you are pretty talented at art you might not even consider going to Art College. Why should you, anyway? You can draw like the masters: Boticelli, Michaelangeo, Da Vinci. There wasn't a landscape scene your brushes didn't like, and there wasn't any portrait you couldn't draw. You can sketch anything that exists!

But as with any talent, you must have realized that this is one big world we live in. There is always room for improvement, and although your work might speak for itself, a degree behind you may be just what employers are looking for. Therefore, you muster all your reserves; you pack your easel, your brushes, and your palette and head north to the nearest art college.

1. Good choice?

Art school will definitely benefit you as an artist. Your innate talent will benefit from the proven concepts and techniques you can learn here. It may be that you already know the basics and the techniques of your art. Rest assured that there are always things the art school can teach you that you won't already know.

Art school also develops in its students a love and appreciation for the different forms of art. It opens to the student new vistas of learning and expressing. Even if only for that reason, Art school would be worth every penny.

2. Who Is Art School Suited For?

Artists are a rare kind. They seem to be able to create masterpieces without complicated theories and computations. It's as if they are moved by instinct to draw, paint, and create visually pleasing artworks. Some artists, when asked about their artwork, would simply shrug and say they didn't know what motivated them, and they just felt like painting it. Art school should not aim to correct this freewheeling style of artistry. It should, however, provide the basic techniques and theories on art and creativity. Instead of suppressing natural skill, it should develop and enlighten it by explaining the concepts behind art. Unlike what most people think, there truly is a science behind art.

Artists sometimes just create art. But after Art College, they come to a realization of theories behind what they have done by instinct. Fundamental theories can only improve and supplement the talent students have.

3. What to Learn?

When choosing an Arts College, look into the nature of its programs.

- Is it solely a graphic design school or does it offer courses in other specific areas? 

- Is this school well-known for its emphasis on its programs?

- Is the school recognized internationally?

- Is the class size large or small?

- How many years will the program be in total?

- Does the school provide any statistics or downloadable documents outlining the percentage of its graduates that are now working in their chosen field?

4. Specialize!

Remember that the subject of art is not just a big blob with the label art. It is composed of numerous subcategories and specializations. You need to choose a specialization because if you don't, your skills will be diffused trying to learn the many branches of art. Try to improve the most at the area of your interest. It could be painting, sculpture, digital arts or others.

5. Be The Best

Also, look into whether the school participates in any graphical arts competitions or has accomplished anything of renown in the industry. This is a sure sign of their commitment to the arts and the education of its students. One of the best things one can get out of Art College is exposure to competition and industry standards. Such competition pushes one from being complacent. If you are to be a better artist, you should never be satisfied with what you already know. You should grab the opportunity to learn new and exciting things.

6. Conclusion

Your education might be the most important investment you make in your life. Without proper training, your chances at success are greatly diminished. A proper Art college will certainly train you and equip you with the tools needed to make it big in your profession.

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How to Write an Essay on Health Care

As with writing an essay on any topic, doing your homework is important! Ensure you understand the question and if necessary check with your tutor. It is essential that your essay has a good introduction, setting out the parameters of the essay. The main body of the essay should provide your arguments for and against the topic and these should be well supported by relevant, current references. The conclusion should sum up all the points you have made throughout and put forward any recommendations for future study.

It is important when writing about healthcare that you get your terminology right! Make sure the spelling is correct and ensure that all legislation is referenced correctly.

Undertaking a literature review is one of the key aspects to a successful essay in healthcare. Issues relating to healthcare change all the time and it is important that you reflect this in your writing.

So what is a literature review? Simple - it is a comprehensive study and interpretation that relates to a particular topic. Why is a literature review so important? Think of how busy you are at work, especially if you work in any aspect of healthcare; there is never enough time to deal with the day to day aspects of your work, let alone sit down to wade through the mountain of reports on healthcare! A literature review makes sense of a body of research and presents you with an analysis of all available literature so that you don't have to research each one individually - perfect!

All individuals who work in healthcare have a duty to remain up to date with all recent developments and ideas relating to their practice. This is true whether you are writing an essay or not.

A literature review will form the basis of your arguments when writing your essay in healthcare. You will seek out references to help support or argue against your point. A literature review helps you see the full picture.

The strength of evidence put forward may support your argument or indeed the lack of evidence may highlight the need for future research.

It is important to be objective when undertaking a literature review. It could be very easy to find a number of pieces of research to support your argument and ignore the opposing view. Remember when you are reading a report by an expert in a particular subject, it represents their view but may not be supported by strong evidence so you need to seek out that evidence to give weight to your argument.

In summary, a literature review can be the back bone of your essay in healthcare. Reviewing the literature provides a complete picture which is not clear if a single piece of literature or information is viewed in isolation.

Get your literature review right and your essay will make the grade!

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